Effect of zoledronic acid used in the root surface treatment of late replanted teeth: a study in rats.

This study evaluated the use of zoledronic acid, a resorption inhibitor, as a medication for root resorption treatment of late replanted teeth. Twenty-four maxillary right central incisors of rats were avulsed and kept dry for 30 min. Then, the teeth were divided into 2 groups. In group I, root surface was treated with 2% sodium fluoride for 20 min; in group II, 10-6M zoledronic acid solution was used for 20 min. All root canals were filled with calcium hydroxide. Next, teeth were replanted in their respective sockets. After 15 and 60 days post-replantation, the animals were killed and the anatomic pieces were obtained and prepared for microscopic and morphometric analyses. The results showed that zoledronic acid was capable of limiting the occurrence of root resorption and preserving cementum resorption. Further research must be performed to confirm the use of zoledronic acid in root surface treatment of late replanted teeth.

Propolis as storage media for avulsed teeth: microscopic and morphometric analysis in rats.

The maintenance of the avulsed teeth in appropriate media for preserving the cellular viability has been important for repairing the periodontal ligament and preventing the root resorption after tooth reimplantation. Propolis is a substance capable of preserving cellular viability. This study aimed to analyze the propolis substance as a storage media for maintaining the avulsed teeth, besides to determine the ideal time period for keeping the tooth inside it. Thus, 60 maxillary right central incisors of rats were extracted and divided into five groups. In groups I and II, teeth were kept in propolis for 60 min and 6 h, respectively; in group III, teeth were kept in milk for 6 h; in group IV, teeth were kept dry for 60 min; and in group V, they were immediately reimplanted. All teeth had their root canals filled with calcium hydroxide paste. Following, teeth were reimplanted in their sockets. After 15 and 60 days, animals were killed and the obtained samples were processed in laboratory for microscopic and morphometric analyzing. The results showed that the occurrence of inflammatory resorption, dental ankylosis and the formation of the connective tissue parallel to the root surface were similar among groups. It could be verified a greater occurrence of replacement resorption in group IV when comparing to other groups. In groups I and IV, the presence of periodontal ligament-like connective tissue was substantially smaller than the other groups. Regarding to the cementum amount over the root, it could be observed that this was present in smaller amount in groups I and IV. Group II was similar to groups III and IV. Therefore, according to the results of this study, the use of propolis as a storage media for maintaining avulsed teeth could be highlighted, and the 6-h period was more appropriate than the 60-min period.

Effect of zoledronic acid used in the root surface treatment of late replanted teeth: a study in rats

This study evaluated the use of zoledronic acid, a resorption inhibitor, as a medication for root resorption treatment of late replanted teeth. Twenty-four maxillary right central incisors of rats were avulsed and kept dry for 30 min. Then, the teeth were divided into 2 groups. In group I, root surface was treated with 2 percent sodium fluoride for 20 min; in group II, 10-6M zoledronic acid solution was used for 20 min. All root canals were filled with calcium hydroxide. Next, teeth were replanted in their respective sockets. After 15 and 60 days post-replantation, the animals were killed and the anatomic pieces were obtained and prepared for microscopic and morphometric analyses. The results showed that zoledronic acid was capable of limiting the occurrence of root resorption and preserving cementum resorption. Further research must be performed to confirm the use of zoledronic acid in root surface treatment of late replanted teeth.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o uso do ácido zoledrônico, um inibidor da reabsorção, como medicação para o tratamento da reabsorção radicular em dentes reimplantados tardiamente. Para isso, 24 incisivos centrais superiores direito de ratos foram avulsionados e mantidos a seco por 30 min. A seguir, os dentes foram divididos em 2 grupos. No grupo I, a superfície radicular foi tratada com solução de fluoreto de sódio a 2 por cento por 20 min; no grupo II, foi usada solução de ácido zoledrônico a 10-6M, por 20 min. Todos os canais foram instrumentados e preenchidos com pasta de hidróxido de cálcio. Posteriormente, os dentes foram reimplantados em seus respectivos alvéolos. Após 15 e 60 dias do reimplante, os animais foram mortos e as peças obtidas foram preparadas para análise microscópica e morfométrica. Os resultados demonstraram que o ácido zoledrônico foi capaz de limitar a ocorrência da reabsorção radicular e previniu a reabsorção do cemento. Futuras pesquisas devem ser realizadas para confirmar o uso do ácido zoledrônico para o tratamento da superfície radicular em reimplantes tardios.

Evaluation of the diffusion capacity of calcium hydroxide pastes through the dentinal tubules.

This study aimed to evaluate the diffusion capacity of calcium hydroxide pastes with different vehicles through dentinal tubules. The study was conducted on 60 extracted single-rooted human teeth whose crowns had been removed. The root canals were instrumented and divided into 4 groups according to the vehicle of the calcium hydroxide paste: Group I - distilled water; Group II - propylene glycol; Group III - 0.2% chlorhexidine; Group IV - 2% chlorhexidine. After placement of the root canal dressings, the teeth were sealed and placed in flasks containing deionized water. After 1, 2, 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days, the pH of the water was measured to determine the diffusion of calcium hydroxide through the dentinal tubules. The data were recorded and statistically compared by the Tukey test. The results showed that all pastes presented a similar diffusion capacity through dentin. Group IV did not present difference compared to group I. Group II presented difference compared to the other groups, as did Group III. In conclusion, groups I and IV presented a better diffusion capacity through dentin than groups II and III; 2% chlorhexidine can be used as a vehicle in calcium hydroxide pastes.

Biocompatibility of acetazolamide pastes in the subcutaneous tissue of rats.

This aim of this study was to investigate the biocompatibility of two experimental acetazolamide (AZ)-based pastes in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. Both pastes contained AZ as the main component in similar concentration. The vehicle in experimental paste 1 was saline, while experimental paste 2 was prepared with propylene glycol. Sixty polyethylene tubes were sealed at one end with gutta-percha (GP), which served as a control. Half of the tubes were filled with paste 1 and half with paste 2. The tubes were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of 15 rats, being 4 tubes for each animal. The animals were killed 7, 15 and 45 days after surgery and the specimens were processed in laboratory. The histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and were analyzed by light microscopy. Scores were assigned to level of inflammatory process: 1- none; 2- mild; 3- moderate; 4- severe. The data were analyzed statistically by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p< or =0.05). Paste 1 produced an inflammatory process at 7 days. However, the intensity of this inflammation decreased with time and was nearly absent at 45 days. No statistically significant difference (p>0.05) was observed between the control (GP) and paste 1. However, paste 2 produced inflammatory response at all study periods and differed significantly (p<0.05) from the control. In conclusion, in the present study, the experimental AZ-based paste 1 was considered as biocompatible as the control matrial (GP), while experimental paste 2 was irritating to rat subcutaneous tissue.

Biocompatibility evaluation of alendronate paste in rat's subcutaneous tissue.

Alendronate is a known inhibitor of root resorption and the development of alendronate paste would enhance its utilization as intracanal medication. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the biocompatibility of experimental alendronate paste in subcutaneous tissue of rats, for utilization in teeth susceptible to root resorption. The study was conducted on 15 male rats, weighing approximately 180-200 grams. The rats' dorsal regions were submitted to one incision on the median region and, laterally to the incision, the subcutaneous tissue was raised and gently dissected for introduction of two tubes, in each rat. The tubes were sealed at one end with gutta-percha and taken as control. The tubes were filled with experimental alendronate paste. The animals were killed at 7, 15 and 45 days after surgery and the specimens were processed in laboratory. The histological sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and analyzed by light microscopy. Scores were assigned to the inflammatory process and statistically compared by the Tukey test (P < 0.05). Alendronate paste promoted severe inflammation process at 7 days, with statistically significant difference compared to the control (P < 0.05%). However, at 15 days, there was a regression of inflammation and the presence of connective tissue with collagen fibers, fibroblasts and blood vessels was observed. After 45 days, it was observed the presence of well-organized connective tissue, with collagen fibers and fibroblasts, and few inflammatory cells. No statistical difference was observed between the control and experimental paste at 15 and 45 days. The experimental alendronate paste was considered biocompatible with subcutaneous tissue of rat.

Biocompatibility of acetazolamide pastes in the subcutaneous tissue of rats

This aim of this study was to investigate the biocompatibility of two experimental acetazolamide (AZ)-based pastes in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. Both pastes contained AZ as the main component in similar concentration. The vehicle in experimental paste 1 was saline, while experimental paste 2 was prepared with propylene glycol. Sixty polyethylene tubes were sealed at one end with gutta-percha (GP), which served as a control. Half of the tubes were filled with paste 1 and half with paste 2. The tubes were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of 15 rats, being 4 tubes for each animal. The animals were killed 7, 15 and 45 days after surgery and the specimens were processed in laboratory. The histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and were analyzed by light microscopy. Scores were assigned to level of inflammatory process: 1- none; 2- mild; 3- moderate; 4- severe. The data were analyzed statistically by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p≤0.05). Paste 1 produced an inflammatory process at 7 days. However, the intensity of this inflammation decreased with time and was nearly absent at 45 days. No statistically significant difference (p>0.05) was observed between the control (GP) and paste 1. However, paste 2 produced inflammatory response at all study periods and differed significantly (p<0.05) from the control. In conclusion, in the present study, the experimental AZ-based paste 1 was considered as biocompatible as the control matrial (GP), while experimental paste 2 was irritating to rat subcutaneous tissue.

Este estudo investigou a biocompatibilidade de pastas experimentais a base de acetazolamida em tecido subcutâneo de rato. Duas pastas foram usadas neste estudo. Ambas continham a acetalozamida como componente principal em concentrações similares. O veículo usado na pasta experimental 1 foi o soro fisiológico e na pasta experimental 2 foi o propilenoglicol. Sessenta tubos de polietileno foram selados em uma das extremidades com guta-percha, que serviu como controle. Metade dos tubos foi preenchida com a pasta 1 e metade com a pasta 2. Os tubos foram introduzidos no tecido subcutâneo de 15 ratos (4 tubos por animal). Aos 7, 15 e 45 dias após a cirurgia, os animais foram sacrificados e os espécimes processados em laboratório. Os cortes histológicos foram corados com hematoxilina e eosina e analisados em microscópio de luz. Escores foram estabelecidos de acordo com a intensidade do processo inflamatório: 1-sem inflamação; 2-discreta; 3-moderada; 4-severa. Os dados obtidos foram comparados estatisticamente através do teste de Kruskal-Wallis (p≤0,05). A pasta 1 promoveu processo inflamatório aos 7 dias. Entretanto, sua intensidade diminuiu com o tempo e estava praticamente ausente aos 45 dias. Não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante entre o controle (guta-percha) e a pasta 1. Entretanto, a pasta 2 promoveu reação inflamatória em todos os períodos experimentais, com diferença estatisticamente significante em relação ao controle. Assim, a pasta experimental de acetazolamida 1 foi considerada biocompatível como o controle deste trabalho. Já a pasta experimental 2 foi irritante aos tecidos.

Evaluation of the diffusion capacity of calcium hydroxide pastes through the dentinal tubules

This study aimed to evaluate the diffusion capacity of calcium hydroxide pastes with different vehicles through dentinal tubules. The study was conducted on 60 extracted single-rooted human teeth whose crowns had been removed. The root canals were instrumented and divided into 4 groups according to the vehicle of the calcium hydroxide paste: Group I - distilled water; Group II - propylene glycol; Group III - 0.2 percent chlorhexidine; Group IV - 2 percent chlorhexidine. After placement of the root canal dressings, the teeth were sealed and placed in flasks containing deionized water. After 1, 2, 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days, the pH of the water was measured to determine the diffusion of calcium hydroxide through the dentinal tubules. The data were recorded and statistically compared by the Tukey test. The results showed that all pastes presented a similar diffusion capacity through dentin. Group IV did not present difference compared to group I. Group II presented difference compared to the other groups, as did Group III. In conclusion, groups I and IV presented a better diffusion capacity through dentin than groups II and III; 2 percent chlorhexidine can be used as a vehicle in calcium hydroxide pastes.

Análise microscópica e morfométrica do efeito da própolis usada como meio de conservação para dentes de ratos avulsionados / Microscopic and morphometric analysis of the effect of propolis used as storage media for rat’s avulsed teeth

O reimplante imediato ou a conservação do dente avulsionado em meio adequado para a manutenção da viabilidade celular são fundamentais para que haja o reparo do ligamento periodontal e a ausência da reabsorção radicular e da anquilose dentária após o reimplante dentário. De acordo com pesquisas anteriores, a própolis é uma substância capaz de preservar a viabilidade celular por até 24 horas. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a própolis como meio de conservação para dentes avulsionados, além de determinar o tempo ideal para a manutenção do dente na mesma. Para isso, 60 incisivos centrais superiores direitos de ratos foram extraídos e divididos em cinco grupos. Nos grupos I e II, os dentes permaneceram na própolis por 60 minutos e 6 horas, respectivamente; no grupo III, os dentes foram mantidos em leite integral por 6 horas; no grupo IV, os dentes permaneceram a seco por 60 minutos e no grupo V, foram reimplantados imediatamente. Antes do reimplante, todos os dentes tiveram os canais radiculares instrumentados e preenchidos com pasta de hidróxido de cálcio. Decorrido o tempo proposto para cada grupo, os dentes foram reimplantados em seus respectivos alvéolos. Passados 15 e 60 dias do reimplante, os animais foram mortos e as peças obtidas, processadas em laboratório para análise microscópica e morfométrica. Os resultados mostraram que a ocorrência da reabsorção radicular inflamatória, da anquilose dentária e da formação de tecido conjuntivo disposto paralelamente à superfície radicular foram semelhantes entre os grupos deste trabalho. No entanto, os grupos mostraram-se diferentes (p<0,05) em relação à ocorrência de reabsorção por substituição, à presença de cemento sobre a raiz e à formação de tecido conjuntivo disposto perpendicularmente à superfície radicular. Assim, no grupo IV (reimplante tardio) a reabsorção por substituição foi mais significativa. Nos grupos I (própolis, 60 minutos) e IV (reimplante tardio), a presença de tecido conjuntivo...

Immediate reimplantation or maintenance of the avulsed tooth in storage media compatible for survival of cells is fundamental for the periodontal ligament repair and for the absence of root resorption and dental ankylosi. According to previous researches, propolis is a substance capable of preserving the cellular viability until 24 hours. Thus, the purpose of this study was to test a propolis as a storage media for avulsed teeth, besides determining the ideal time period for the maintenance of the teeth in immersion. Sexthy rat maxillary right central incisors were extracted and divided in five groups. In groups I and II, the teeth immersed in the propolis for 60 minutes and 6 hours, respectively; in group III, the teeth were maintained in milk for 6 hours; in group IV, the teeth were kept dry for 60 minutes and, in group V, the teeth were repositioned in the socket immediately. Before replantation, the teeth were instrumented and filled with calcium hydroxide paste. Teeth were then reimplanted in their respective sockets. Fifteen and sixty days after the replantation, the animals were euthanized and the pieces were obtained and processed in laboratory for microscopic and morphometric analysis. The results demonstrated that the occurrence of inflammatory resorption, dental ankylosis and formation of connective tissue parallel to the root surface were similar among all groups of this study. However, the groups were different (p<0,05) regarding the occurrence of replacement resorption, presence of cementum covering of the root and formation of connective tissue perpendicular to the root surface. In group IV (delayed reimplantation), the replacement resorption was more significant. In groups I (propolis, 60 minutes) and IV (delayed reimplantation), the periodontal ligament-like was considerably smaller than in the other groups. Concerning the amount of cementum on the root, it was possible to verify that it was in a smaller amount in groups I (propolis...

Avulsion of permanent teeth: analysis of the efficacy of na informative campaign for professionals from elementary schools

Tooth avulsion is a very common event in children and emergency care procedures are crucial for case prognosis. As anyone at the moment of accident can provide first-aid measures, knowledge of school professionals dealing with children is of paramount importance. An informative campaign about dental trauma was performed in urban schools in the city of Adamantina, São Paulo state, Brazil, in an attempt to educate school professionals about emergency procedures in cases of tooth avulsion. A questionnaire arguing on personal information, tooth avulsion knowledge and personal impressions of the campaign was handed out for evaluation of the informative campaign. Eighty school professionals participated in the survey. Most participants were females (93.75 percent) aged 41-60 years old (53.75 percent) with a college degree (77.5 percent). Time at work ranged from 1-5 years (22.5 percent). The efficacy of the campaign was considered positive, as 100 percent of the interviewees replied to the importance of emergency procedures in case of tooth avulsion. In addition, 81.25 percent of the respondents answered that they would store the avulsed tooth in some storage medium, of which milk was the most frequently mentioned (84.61 percent). The participants considered the campaign as satisfactory and a region-wide campaign will be accomplished at other schools.

Avulsion of permanent teeth: analysis of the efficacy of na informative campaign for professionals from elementary schools.

Tooth avulsion is a very common event in children and emergency care procedures are crucial for case prognosis. As anyone at the moment of accident can provide first-aid measures, knowledge of school professionals dealing with children is of paramount importance. An informative campaign about dental trauma was performed in urban schools in the city of Adamantina, São Paulo state, Brazil, in an attempt to educate school professionals about emergency procedures in cases of tooth avulsion. A questionnaire arguing on personal information, tooth avulsion knowledge and personal impressions of the campaign was handed out for evaluation of the informative campaign. Eighty school professionals participated in the survey. Most participants were females (93.75%) aged 41-60 years old (53.75%) with a college degree (77.5%). Time at work ranged from 1-5 years (22.5%). The efficacy of the campaign was considered positive, as 100% of the interviewees replied to the importance of emergency procedures in case of tooth avulsion. In addition, 81.25% of the respondents answered that they would store the avulsed tooth in some storage medium, of which milk was the most frequently mentioned (84.61%). The participants considered the campaign as satisfactory and a region-wide campaign will be accomplished at other schools.